Learning Objectives

Pictures & Videos

Superior rotators Serratus Anterior Trapezius (superior part)	Inferior rotators Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor Levator scapulae	Elevators Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Levator scapulae Trapezius (superior part)
Depressors Trapezius (inferior part) Serratus anterior Pectoralis minor Subclavius (stabilizes clavicle)	Retraction Trapezius Rhomboids	Protraction Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior (prime mover)

Notes

PAD-DAB = Palmer interossei, ADduct the fingers, while Dorsal interossei ABduct the fingers.
Subscapularis-medially rotates the arm, Supraspinatus-fully extends the arm, Infraspinatus-adduct and laterally rotate the arm, and teres minor-adduct and laterally rotate the arm, these muscles all together bring the stability and strength of the glenohumeral joint.

In the News

Out of the country health care cheaper?

Related Articles

• Lateral epicodylitis-(Tennis Elbow) trauma or overuse of the common extensor tendon of the posterior forearm muscles. Although the pain is perceived as coming from the elbow joint, it is actually arising from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
• Hernia-
• Plantar fasciitis- Inflammation due to chronic irritation of the plantar aponeurosis. Causes:Overexertion that stress the plantar fascia, age, loss of elasticity in the aponeurosis, jogging, walking, lifting heavy objects.
• Shin splints- Soreness or pain along the length of the tibia, usually the inferior portion.
• Compartment syndrome- Develops when the overworked muscles start to swell, compressing other structures w/in the compartment.
• Ischemia- Reduced blood flow (known as keep back)
• Hypoxia- Lack of oxygen w/in the compartment. If blood flow is not restored can lead to death of nerves w/in 2 hours & death of skeletal muscles w/in 6 hours.
• Groin pull- Tearing, stretching, or straining the distal attachments of the medial muscles of the thigh-Adductor muscles of the leg.
• Paralysis of the Serratus Anterior Muscle- Damage to the long thoracic nerve causes paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle. (Winged Scapula) Putting both arms anteriorly on a wall and then push, the scapula on the injured side will poke posteriorly like a bird's wing.
• Rotator cuff injury-any result of trauma or disease can irritate any portion of the rotator cuff muscles or tendons. Most common muscles affected are infraspinatus and the teres minor muscles, because these muscles are responsible for adduction and lateral rotation of the arm.Rotator Cuff Injury Tutorial

Shoulder dislocation: Displacement of the ball of the shoulder joint (the top rounded portion of the upper arm bone, or humerus) from the socket of the joint (the glenoid fossa of the wingbone, or scapula). There is complete separation of the humerus from the scapular glenoid. The shoulder joint is the most frequently dislocated major joint of the body, reflecting the fact that it sacrifices stability for mobility. Most of these dislocations are due to trauma. Treatment involves prompt reduction of the dislocation, immobilization of the arm in a sling for 1 to 3 weeks, and physical therapy. Also known as glenohumeral dislocation.

Here are some helpful pictures to look at.

• Leg Muscles
• Arm Muscles

Glossary

Abduction- Movement away from the median plane of the body. Ex: Deltoid & Supraspinatus

Adduction- Medial movement of a body part toward the midline. Ex: Latissimu dorsi, Pectoralis
major,Teres major, Teres minor, & infraspinatus

Extension- Movement that increases the articulating angle. Ex: Latissimus dorsi, Deltoid, Teres major, &
Long head of Triceps brachii

Flexion- Movement that decreases the angle between the articulating bones. Ex: Pectoralis major,
Deltoid, & Long head of Biceps brachii

Lateral Rotation- Ex: Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Deltoid

Medial Rotation- Ex: Subscapularis, Deltoid, Latissimus dorsi, Pectoralis major Teres major

Protraction- Ex: Pectorailis minor, Serratus anterior.

Retraction- Ex: Trapezius, Rhombids

Elavators- Ex: Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Levator scapulae, Trapezius (superior part)

Depressors- Ex: Trapezius (inferior part), serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

Evert/Eversion- movement of the foot outward so that the lateral border of the foot is turned superiorly.

Invert/Inversion- movement of the foot inward so that the lateral border of the foot in turned inveriorly (as if you were walking on the lateral side of your foot instead of the sole of your foot).

Antagonist-muscle whose actions oppose those of the agonist. ex: biceps brachii muscle causing flexion of the forearm.

Agonist-muscle that contractsto produce a particular movement. ex: triceps brachii muscle causing extension of the forearm

Origin- Less movable attatchment of a muscle, where the muscle generally begins.

Insertion- More moveable attachment of a muscle.

Connections to other body systems

The muscles of the pectoral girdle originate on the axial skeleton and insert on the clavicle and the scapula.

Review Questions

1. The muscles of the pectoral girdle originate on the axial skeleton and insert on the ______ and ______?
a. scapula and humerous
b. C1 and sternum
*c. clavicle and scapula
d. none of the above

2. The biceps brachii inserts on the ______ and the triceps inserts on the _____
*a. radial tuberocity, olecranon process
b. intertubercular groove ,deltoid process
c. capitulum, olecrananon process
d. medial epicondyle, the head of the radius

3. What four muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles?
a. Serratus Anterior, Infraspinatus, Teres Major, Supraspinatus
b. Latissimus Dorsi, Infraspinatus, Teres Major, Supraspinatus
c. Subscapularus, Trapesius, Rhomboid Major, Deltoid
*d. Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularus

4. What muscles does the Triangle of Auscultation consist of?
a. Scapularis, Trapezius, Rhomboid Major
b. Pectoralis Major, Sternum, Pectoralis Minor
*c. Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Rhomboid Major
d. Deltoid, Serratus Anterior, Infraspinatus

5. What muscle is normally used for a Intromuscular Injection?
*a. Deltoid Muscle
b. Biceps Brachii
c. Latissimus Dorsi
d. Sternocleidomastoid

6. What is the origin of the pectoralis minor muscle?
a. Sternum
b. Manubrium
*c. Sternal end of upper ribs
d. Xiphoid process

7. Over use of the lextensor tendon attaching at the lateral epicondyle of the humerous is called?
*a. Tennis Elbow
b. Carpal Tunnel
c. Arthritis
d. Rotator Cuff Injury

8. What muscle is the longest and allows your body to sit "Indian Style" or kick a "Hacky Sack"?
a. Peroneous Longus
b. Gracilus
*c. Sartorius
d. Rectus Femorus

9. What is the action of the trapezius?
a. rotates head and neck from side to side
*b. elevates the head, draws the head back, and retracts (adducts) the scapula
c. abducts the scapula and elevates the deltoids
d. All the above

10. What leg muscle does Michael Jackson use when he everts and plantar flexes?
*a. Peroneous longus
b. Tibialis anterior
c. Rectus Femorus
d. Sartorius

11. There is a bone in that has lacks muscle attatchment on the anteriomedial aspect of the lower limbs, which bone lacks a muscle?
a. Femur
b. Fibula
c. Tibia
d. Talus