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Abnormalities & Disorders
Skin Abnormalities
  • Albinism-lack of melanin pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair that is found in mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.
  • Vitiligo-lack of Melaninocytes
  • Cyanosis and acrocyanosis-is a blue coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface. It occurs when the oxygen saturation of arterial blood falls below 85-90% (1.5g/dl deoxyhemoglobin).
  • Pallor-lack of hemoglobin, RBC or both
  • Jaundice- a yellow discoloration of the skin due to the build up of bilirubin in the blood.
  • Bronzing-skin appears golden brown as a result of Addison disease
  • Hematoma- a bruise (visable pool of clotted blood) observable through the skin
  • Erythema-abnormal reddness of skin due to increase of blood flow(exercise, sunburn, anger, embarassment)
  • Staphylococcus Areus- very successful at surviving on skin-can cause particularly nasty skin infections
  • Impetigo- highly contagious skin disease of children
  • Scalded skin syndrome-can occur as a complication of impetigo- when the bacteria makes a toxin that destroys the stratum granulosum

Guinness World Record for Stretchiest Skin


WHO:
Garry Turner
WHAT:
15.8 cm (6.25 in)
WHERE:
Los Angeles, California, USA
WHEN:
October 29, 1999
Integumentary System - The Anatomy Wiki
Garry Turner, of Caistor, Lincolnshire, England, stretched the skin of his stomach to a distended length of 15.8 cm (6.25 in) on the set of Guinness World Records: Primetime in Los Angeles, California, USA, on October 29, 1999.
Garry has a rare medical condition called Elhers-Danlos Syndrome, a disorder of the connective tissues affecting the skin, ligaments and internal organs. With this condition, the collagen that strengthens the skin and determines its elasticity becomes defective, resulting in, among other things, a loosening of the skin, and "hypermobility" of the joints. In more serious cases, it can cause the fatal collapse or rupturing of blood vessels.

Here is Garry Turner on Italian TV


Skin disorders and diseases
Some skin disorders/diseases are caused by absorption of material through the skin. Failure to use proper skin protection (gloves, aprons, overalls etc.) can result in irritation or even poisoning. Skin is subject to constant attack and, so, can be afflicted by numerous ailments such as the ones below.
**Please note the video below shows photos of the disorders/diseases in blue from the list below.
  • Acne
  • Actinic keratosis
  • Angioma
  • Athlete's foot
  • Aquagenic pruritus
  • Argyria
  • Atopic dermatitis
  • Baldness
  • Basal cell carcinoma
  • Bed sore
  • Behcet's disease
  • Blepharitis
  • Boil
  • Bowen's disease
  • Bullous pemphigoid
  • Canker sore
  • Carbuncles
  • Cellulitis
  • Chloracne
  • Chronic dermatitis of the hands and feet
  • Cold sores
  • Contact dermatitis (includes poison ivy, oak, sumac)
  • Creeping eruption
  • Dandruff
  • Dermatitis
  • Dermatitis herpetiformis
  • Dermatofibroma
  • Diaper rash
  • Dyshidrosis
  • Eczema
  • Epidermolysis bullosa
  • Erysipelas
  • Erythrasma
  • Erythroderma
  • Friction blister
  • Favus
  • Genital wart
  • Gestational pemphigoid
  • Grover's disease
  • Hemangioma
  • A hemangioma is a vascular malformation present at or soon after birth. It may disappear on its own over time, but may also require corrective surgery. Here is a video of a baby girl who developed a large hemangioma on her forehead, and the results of corrective surgery:

  • Hidradenitis suppurativa
  • Hives
  • Hodgkin's lymphoma
  • Hyperhidrosis
  • Ichthyosis
  • Impetigo
  • Intertrigo
  • Jock itch
  • Kaposi's sarcoma
  • Keloid
  • Keratoacanthoma
  • Keratosis pilaris
  • Lewandowsky-Lutz dysplasia
  • Lice infection
  • Lichen planus
  • Lichen simplex chronicus
  • Lipoma
  • Lyme disease
  • Lymphadenitis
  • Malignant melanoma
  • Melasma
  • Miliaria
  • Molluscum contagiosum
  • Mycosis fungoides
  • Nummular dermatitis
  • Otitis externa
  • Paget's disease of the nipple
  • Pediculosis
  • Pemphigus
  • Perioral dermatitis
  • Photoallergy
  • Photosensitivity
  • Pityriasis rosea
  • Pityriasis rubra pilaris
  • Porphyria
  • Psoriasis
  • Raynaud's disease
  • Ringworm
  • Rosacea
  • Scabies
  • Scleroderma
  • Scrofula
  • Sebaceous cyst
  • Seborrheic keratosis
  • Seborrhoeic dermatitis
  • Shingles
  • Skin cancer
  • Skin Tags
  • Spider veins
  • Squamous cell carcinoma
  • Stasis dermatitis
  • Sunburn
  • Tick bite
  • Tinea barbae
  • Tinea capitis
  • Tinea corporis
  • Tinea cruris
  • Tinea pedis
  • Tinea unguium
  • Tinea versicolor
  • Tinea
  • Tungiasis
  • Urticaria (Hives)
  • Vagabond's disease
  • Vitiligo
  • Warts
  • Wheal (aka "Weal" and "Welt")

    Nail Disorders
    • Brittle nails: nails prone to verticle splitting ans separation of layer. Caused by overexposure to water or some household chemicals
    • Ingrown nail: edges of nail digging into skin around it. Caused by too tight of shoes or improper trimming. Can lead to infection
    • Onychomycosis: also known as the fungal infection. account for half of all nail disorders. Due to constant exposure to warmth and moisture
    • Bacterial and viral infections can also affect nails
    • Yellow nail syndrome: occurs when growth and thickening of nails stops completely. Sometimes a sign of a respritory disease
    • Spoon nails: nails are malformed so that outer surfaces are concave instead of convex. often a sign of iron deficiency.
    • Beau's lines: lines that go horizontally through nail. indicate that at the time that portion of the nail was grown there was a temporary interference with the growth
    • Vertical ridges: is common and does not usually indicate any serious problems. also get more frequent as individuals get older
    • Half and half: a transverse line forms on the nail to partition it into a distal brown or pink region and a proximal dull white region
    • Hapalonychia: a condition in which the free edges to the nail bends and breaks as a result of nail thinning
    **The state of a persons fingernails and toenails can be indicative of that persons overall health**

    Case Study
    Sun Block and Skin Cancer...does it really matter???
    http://search.yahoo.com/search?ei=utf-8&fr=slv8-tyc7&p=sunblock%20and%20cancer&type=

    PRETTY MUCH EVERYONE GETS SKIN CANCER IF YOU LIVE LONG ENOUGH..............

    Skin CancerFair skin. Having less pigment (melanin) in your skin provides less protection from damaging UV radiation. If you have blond or red hair, light-colored eyes, and you freckle or sunburn easily, you're much more likely to develop skin cancer than a person with darker features is. Excessive sun exposure. Those who spend considerable amount of time in the sun may develop skin cancer, especially if your skin isn't protected by sunscreen or clothing. Whether or not tanning in tanning beds or under the sun damage to your skin is debateable. Your skin, and body, needs vitamin D which is produced from UV rays. Moles. People who have many moles or abnormal moles called dysplastic nevi are at increased risk of skin cancer. These abnormal moles — which look irregular are generally larger than normal moles — are more likely than others to become cancerous. If you have a history of abnormal moles, watch them regularly for changes. Precancerous skin lesions. Having skin lesions known as actinic keratoses can increase your risk of developing skin cancer. These precancerous skin growths typically appear as rough, scaly patches that range in color from brown to dark pink. They're most common on the face, lower arms and hands of fair-skinned people with sun damaged skin. Age. The risk of developing skin cancer increases with age, primarily because many skin cancers develop slowly. The damage that occurs during childhood or adolescence may not become apparent until middle age. Still, skin cancer isn't limited to older people. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are increasing rapidly among women younger than 40.MOH's SURGERY is microscopically controlled surgery that is highly effective for common types of skin cancer, with a cure rate cited between 97 to 99% for basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer, and for squamous cell carcinoma. It has been used in the removal of melanoma-in-situ, but this is an unproven treatment. Because the Mohs procedure is micrographically controlled, it provides precise removal of the cancerous tissue, while healthy tissue is spared. Mohs surgery is relatively expensive when compared to other surgical modalities. However, in anatomically important areas (eyelid, nose, lips), tissue sparing and low recurrence rate makes it a procedure of choice by many physicians.


    Types of Skin Cancer

    Basal Cell Carcinoma Malignant Melanoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    • Most common type of skin cancer
    • Least dangerous type since it seldom metastasizes
    • Originates in statum basale
    • First appears as a small, shiny elevation
    • Elavation enlarges, developes central depression with "pearly edges"
    • Usually occurs on face
    • Treated by surgical removal, radiation therapy
    • Most deadly skin cancer
    • Arises from melanocytes in pre-existing mole
    • Metastisizes rapidly and is fatal without treatment
    • Increased risk for people who have had severe sunburns, especially as children
    • Characterized by change in mole diameter, color, countour, to large, flat, spreading lesion
    • Treated by surgical removal
    • Arises from keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
    • Lesions usually appear on scalp, ears, lower lip, or back of hand
    • Early lesions are raised, reddened, scaly
    • Later lesions form concave ulcers with elevated edges
    • Treated by early detection and surgical removal
    • May metastisize to lymph nodes


    This website is really neat, it has many pictures with an algorhythym to follow for your further information on a specific skin discoloration or for different looking moles: http://www.skincancerguide.ca/prevention/is_it_skin_cancer.html








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