Ureters
*Ureters are fibromuscular cord like structures that conduct urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. There are some they say to hold the urinary bladder in place. The wall of the ureters is composed of three concetric tunics, from innermost to outermost. (The ureters do not submucosa).

Urinary Bladder
*The urinary bladder is an expandable muscular container that serves as a reservoir for urine. In females the bladder is positioned anteriorinferior to the uterusand directly anterior to vagina. In male the bladder is positioned anterior to rectum and superior to prostate gland. The urinary bladder is known as retroperitoneal organ, which is that only its superior surface is covered with peritoneum.

What is Bladder Cancer?
*Bladder cancer occurs when there are abnormal, cancerous cells growing in the bladder. Bladder cancer affects men four times more often than women, and it occurs in Caucasians twice as often as in African Americans. The risk of bladder cancer increases with age - over 70 percent of people who are diagnosed with it are older than 65.

There are several different types of Bladder Cancer. What are they?

*Transitional cell (urothelial) carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma is cancer that begins in the cells lining the bladder. Transitional cells also line the other parts of the urinary tract including the kidneys, ureters, and urethra.

*Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is cancer that begins in squamous cells - thin, flat cells found in the tissue that forms the surface of the skin, the lining of the hollow organs of the body, and the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts.


*Adenocarcinoma
Adenocarcinoma is cancer that begins in the cells of glandular structures lining certain organs in the body and then spreads to the bladder. Common primary sites for adenocarcinomas include the lung, pancreas, breast, prostate, stomach, liver, and colon.
Ohio State University


Picture of Adenocarcinoma