1. The Petrous Portation is located in which bone?
a. Zygomatic bone
b. Occipital bone
*c. Temoral bone
d. Parietal bone

2. Cartilage connects what?
*a. Bone to Bone (note: does not accually connect bone to bone, but provides a gliding surface between bones/joints)
b. Muscle to Bone
c. Muscle to Muscle
d. Skin to Muscle
e. Does not connect

3. Tendons connect what?
a. Bone to Bone
*b. Mucle to Bone
c. Muscle to Muscle
d. Skin to Muscle

4. The healing of a fractured Ulna would mainly be determined by upon which tissue?
a. Periosteum
*b. Endosteum
c. Hyaline Cartilage
d. Compact bone

5. How many phlanges are there in a normal human body?
a. 10
*b. 56
c. 42
d. 60
e. Impossible to tell

6. If I went rollerbladding and accidentally hurt my scaphoid by falling down what part of the body did I hurt?
a. ankle
b. arm
*c. wrist
d. hand

7. The trabecular bone which is a found in reparative phase of fracture healing is absorbed by osteoclasts, that creates a shallow pit known as _______ in the remodeling phase?
*a. Howships Lacuna
b. Entheses
c. Haversian system
d. Medullary Cavity

8. The Cubital Fossa is located?
*a. Upper extremity
b. Lower extremity
c. Sphenoid bone
d. Cervical Vertebrae

9. Bone marrow that produces red blood cells is found in?
a. Spongy bone
b. Strong bones
c. Developing bones **probably not the best worded question. Developing bone could mean in growing children where spongy bone with red marrow is in most of the bones of the body
d. Compact bones
*e. I'll add an a, b, and c answer here. Strong bones can also contain red marrow along with spongy, and developing bones.

10. What is the nonliving portion of the bone mostly made of?
a. Chitin, sodium & calcium
b. Spongy bone, magnesium & calcium
c. Keratin, sulfate & sodium
*d. Matrix fibers, calcium & phosphates

11. What is one example of a sesamoid bone in our body?
a. knuckles
b. olecranon fossa (elbow)
*c. patellae
d. axis of the spine
e. none of the above

12. One explanation for bones becoming weaker is:
*a. osteoclasts are more active than osteoblasts
b. osteocytes are more active than osteoprogeniter cells
c. osteoblasts are more active than osteoclasts
d. osteolysis is not happening in the bone matrix
e. all of the above

13. Red bone marrow:
a. Is stimulated by erythropoietin
b. Can be found in the ossa coxae
c. Is in the spongy bone of most bones in the body of a child
d. Becomes inactive and turns into fat in diaphysis
*e. All of the above

14. Compact bone:
a. is also called cancelous bone
b. is only in the diaphysis
c. is a shock absorber
*d. is in the frontal bone
e. none of the above

15. During fetal development and through infant and toddler years:
a. chondroblasts secrete an elastic cartilage model
b. cartilage is replaced with bone
c. minerals are deposited into hypertrophied cartilage cells
d. all cartilage cells die from loss of nutrients from calcification
*e. b & c

16. The sequence of events following a bone fracture is:
a. fractured hematoma, fibrocartilage callous, the bone is remodeled, hard boney callous forms
*b. fractured hematoma, fibrocartilage callous, hard boney callous forms, the bone is remodeled
c. neither are correct

17. Osteopenia:
a. Is less controllable than osteoporosis
b. Is more controllable than osteoporosis
c. Is when bones become weaker from insufficient ossification
d. Is when bones become weaker from insufficient calcification
*e. a & c

18. According to an article, problems healing bone is associated with:
a. The Ilizarov apparatus
b. Individuals who smoke
c. Osteoblasts working too hard
d. Malfunction of the bladder
*e. a & b


19. For more osteoclasts to work:
a. be an astronaut
b. don't pull on the periosteum
c. stay out in the sun
d. stay in bed
*e. a, b & d

20. T/F: Sesamoid bones are synonymous with sutural bones. F

21. T/F: When trauma occurs in an area, a bone can develop. T

22. T/F: Chondroblasts make condrocytes, which make cartilage. T

23. The vertebrae and pubis:
*a. have fibrocartilage
b. have fibrocartilage and elastic cartilage
c. are composed of c-shaped rings
d. have cartilage that is clear in color

24. The matrix of bone connective tissue is:
a. sturdy and rigid
b. osseous
c. due to calcification
*d. all of the above

25. Primary ossification occurs in the _____ and secondary ossification occurs in the _____.
a. epiphysis, diaphysis
b. short bones, long bones
*c. diaphysis, epiphysis
d. long bones, short bones
e. a & b

26. The Ilizerov apparatus stimulates:
*a. osteoblasts
b. osteoclasts
c. hyaline in epiphyseal growth plate
d. none of the above

27. Thick bones of the left arm are associated with:
a. achondroplastic dwarfism
b. endosteum
*c. Roman soldier skeletons
d. stimulated osteoclasts
e. all of the above

28. A pathologic fracture can be linked to:
a. disease
b. stepping out of the car
c. vitamin D deficiency
*d. all of the above
e. none of the above

29. A greenswick fracture:
a. is a complete break
b. breaks the skin
c. breaks bone into many pieces
*d. happens often in growing children

30. A facet is:
a. large, smooth, and round
b. at the rounded epiphysis
c. a ridgelike projection
d. a slender process
*e. none of the above

31. An additional bone that may develop in response to stress is called:
a. wormian bone
b. sutural bone
*c. sesamoid bone
d. funny bone